Oyu Tolgoi

Oyu Tolgoi is a major copper-gold operation in the South Gobi desert near Khanbogd in Mongolia's Ömnögovi province, built around one of the largest known copper-gold deposits in the world. Surface mining began in 2011 and underground block-cave production followed in 2023, reaching depths of around 1.3 kilometres through a network of shafts and tunnels that forms the largest single industrial project ever built in Mongolia. Majority-managed by Rio Tinto alongside the Mongolian government, the operation is expected to rank among the world's top four copper mines once underground output reaches full capacity.